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GENDER AND A RIGHT-BASED APPROACH TO LABOUR
MIGRATION IN CAMBODIA
I. OVERVIEW OF MIGRATION
Internal migration The Cambodian population has experienced a great deal of internal and international migration since 1970, most of which has been a direct result of civil war, violent confrontation, marriage, education, work opportunity, natural disaster, landlessness and political instability. According to the National Institute of Statistics (NIS), 2004, 35.1 per cent of the Cambodian population are migrants, an increase of four percent since the Census of 1998 (31 per cent), with males representing 35.15 per cent and females 34.05 per cent. Although the male migration rate is slightly higher than that for females, the number of female migrants outweighs that of males owing to the slightly smaller proportion of males in the population. Cambodian women migrate for a wider range of reasons, beyond that of direct economic need. Women tend to move due to family reasons - 50 per cent compared with 30 per cent for men. Women move because they want to join their husbands who are working in Phnom Penh; women move because they have family or relatives who encourage them to do so; and they move because of landlessness, poverty and a desire to seek a better life. Contrary to common perceptions, a higher percentage of men move as a result of marriage, 25 per cent compared to about 10 per cent for women (NIS, 2005). |
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Last Updated ( Wednesday, 10 December 2008 03:31 )
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A Review of Migration in Cambodian I-Introduction
Overview of the research Population migration in Cambodia is not a new phenomenon but, at the start of 21st century, it has emerged towards the top policy agenda for the government. The mind of development planners and pelicans are being taxed by asylum seekers, number of undocumented migrants, the trafficking of people, particularly of women and children, and the rapid growth of population without access to basic services. Underlying this movement is a search for better life. Migration can help to achieve this by associating people more closely with available employment and services. Many researches related the migration in Cambodia has been done, but the many remaining issues such as the clustering of migration in both wealthier and poorer groups, was not covered yet. The migrants are not always the poorer group. However, the poorest may be participating in the migration movement much more than the wealthier groups. Moreover, it is equally clear that exploitation of migrant exists and one of the key challenges which the government need to prevent that. Many concerns that surround migration, such as loss of jobs, lower wages, increased welfare costs and the belief that migration is spiraling out of control, are not only unfounded by contrary to evidence (IOM, 2005). |
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Last Updated ( Wednesday, 10 December 2008 03:44 )
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